Java.lang.noclassdeffounderror could not initialize class - For me the issue was due to the fact that in my pom.xml Java 13 was mentioned, on the server machine java 17 was installed. So updated server java version to be what it is in pom.xml If you have multiple versions of JDK on Linux please use this command to choose the correct one

 
After wasting almost one day and finding that the jar is already on my class path, i further debugged it and found that when java's reflection mechanism was trying to find a method which was already present in the "methods list" it was not able to find due to some version conflict between Jedis version (2.7.2) not compatible with Spring Data Redis (1.5.0.RELEASE), this issue has already been .... Sks gay

I could resolve the issue. The problem was the minor version of pdfbox, fontbox and jempbox were not the same. Hence the PDFFont was not initialized, because internally it needs to load the classes of fontbox also and probably there was a mismatch in the version id of the classesMay 15, 2017 · There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.sh Dec 15, 2014 · This seems to be caused by Ubuntu using the non no_aop version of guice.jar in maven 3.6.3 (which needs the no_aop guice.jar). As a workaround in Ubuntu you could (if you don't care breaking some other ubuntu package actually needing the non no_aop jar): Oct 14, 2015 · After wasting almost one day and finding that the jar is already on my class path, i further debugged it and found that when java's reflection mechanism was trying to find a method which was already present in the "methods list" it was not able to find due to some version conflict between Jedis version (2.7.2) not compatible with Spring Data Redis (1.5.0.RELEASE), this issue has already been ... Java.Lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could Not Initialize Class エラーを根絶するためのソリューション 今日は、別の実行時エラーについて学習します: java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class. まず、このエラーが発生した Java プログラムを調べて、考えられる理由につい ...Jul 8, 2012 · I have the following code that's trying to establish a connection to a remote database. It's throwing an exception, and I can't figure out why. import java.util.List; import java.util.Arr... Same goes for the name of the class inside the file. 2) Location: Make sure the WEB-INF you put the file in is the same WEB-INF used to run the server. 3) You are putting the MyClassR.class file in the classpath, and not MyClassR.java right? 4) You put the package statement at the top of the class definition.Jul 25, 2019 · I installed apache-jmeter-5.1.1 and java 1.8.0_221 (8), and was walking through the getting started guide to build a web test plan in the GUI. But when I click save to save the Test Plan I receive the below error: Uncaught Exception java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.jmeter.gui.util.FileDialoger. May 15, 2017 · There is a solution to this problem (Cassandra Startup failure on ARM64 machine (java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.sun.jna.Native)), Soultion suggests changes in cassandra-env.sh. I tried it but it is not working for me. I checked with these options (separately) in cassandra-env.sh I think you might be missing some bootstrapping of your test class. Do you have annotations on your test case class like this? @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) @PrepareForTest(MyFinalClient.class) That'll get powermock to prepare the MyFinalClient class with some bytecode manipulation so that it can properly generate the mock.Jul 2, 2021 · when we migrated from Oracle JDK-8 to Open JDK-11, Apache POI excel generation has issues tried already -Djava.awt.headless=true org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Handler dispatch Yes, Thrown if the Java Virtual Machine or a ClassLoader instance tries to load in the definition of a class (as part of a normal method call or as part of creating a new instance using the new expression) and no definition of the class could be found.If the exception message says "Could not initialize class...", as it does in this question, then the class does exist and can be found, but the JVM has already tried and failed to perform static initialization on the class and so gives up doing it again. –NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.cxf.attachment.AttachmentUtil means that JVM failed to initialize the AttachmentUtil class.. Apache CXF 3.3.X should support JDK 11 as per FAQ.Mar 16, 2017 · I am using Windows10, eclipse-neon with JDK1.8 version, I am getting the following exception. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.bytedeco.jav... As you may see first exception that we have NPE at (Plugins.java:17) and I think it's somehow connected with ClassLoaders. I can get same issue for jUnit module also. I can get same issue for jUnit module also.Jun 18, 2020 · Prerequisites I'm trying to rewrite test written with Mockito to avoid open Kotlin classes. For that I use Annotations API as most similar to those in Mockito. In example on website I see an @InjectMockKs over TrafficSystem class without... Jan 26, 2016 · Could not initialize class io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm , java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, 0 HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: The specified module could not be found May 8, 2019 · 1 Usually it is caused by class conflict. There is multiple version of the jar used in your project,and java picked the incorrect one. You can check which version is really in dependency hierarchy by passing the artifactId. I'm trying to run tests in a legacy Java project and I get this error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.powermock.modules.junit4.rule.PowerMockRule The code that is causing the issue is like that: @Rule public PowerMockRule rule = new PowerMockRule(); And the PowerMock version is 1.5.61 posted 9 years ago Hi Harry, I have copied the bean in the right folder which is visible to my application. I think Could not initialize class xxx means it was able to access it. In case the class could not be found, it would display java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: xxxJava.Lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could Not Initialize Class エラーを根絶するためのソリューション 今日は、別の実行時エラーについて学習します: java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class. まず、このエラーが発生した Java プログラムを調べて、考えられる理由につい ...Could not initialize class org.apache.jmeter.protocol.http.proxy.ProxyControl Hot Network Questions Looking for a series of books that starts with a girl looking in her fridge, realizing she doesn’t like what’s in there and switches itSame goes for the name of the class inside the file. 2) Location: Make sure the WEB-INF you put the file in is the same WEB-INF used to run the server. 3) You are putting the MyClassR.class file in the classpath, and not MyClassR.java right? 4) You put the package statement at the top of the class definition.Jun 18, 2016 · Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Paid beta seems to have skipped large portions of my manuscript I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the ...Jun 18, 2016 · Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Paid beta seems to have skipped large portions of my manuscript Nov 8, 2012 · It seems Apache POI is trying to load the class org.apache.xmlbeans.XMLOptions but it cannot find this class. The message Could not initialize class SomeClass indicates that the JVM has twice tried and failed to load and statically initialize the class SomeClass. In this case, the class in question is org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument. Mar 14, 2018 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont. For other file extensions it works fine. Things I have tried out dependencies in apache-tika module.xml to PDFbox Explicitly loaded org.apache.pdfbox from standalone.xml Aug 31, 2012 · hibernate -annotation.jar and hibernate-common-annotation.jar are different? i included hibernate-common-annotation.jar but i still getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration. i am using hibernate with jpa specification – 1. I've decided to post this question because it took me the whole morning to find a solution... especially because the most common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class weblogic.jndi.Environment to occur, is when weblogic.jar and wlfullclient.jar aren't being properly located by any of IDE, WebApp, or WL.Nov 26, 2013 · Weblogic Start Failed java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: weblogic/Server Hot Network Questions What are the conditions necessary for a programming language to have no undefined behavior? Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsMay 25, 2016 · I keep getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser The full stacktrace is: java.lang ... 20. Try running this code in a constructor of a servlet. System.setProperty ("java.awt.headless", "true"); or. Use this parameter in the startup script of the server: -Djava.awt.headless=true. Here is an example of this problem documented and explaned in Apache POI when you want to create a sheet with auto size columns.Jan 26, 2016 · Could not initialize class io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm , java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, 0 HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: The specified module could not be found [Solved] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.hibernate.validator.engine.ConfigurationImplJan 9, 2021 · Assuming by 'standard' you both mean Oracle, there is no difference in JSSE between Oracle and OpenJDK (and no difference in the rest of JCE except that in versions before late 2017 Oracle defaulted to the 'limited' crypto policy due to former US export rules, and you needed to add the 'unlimited policy' download, while OpenJDK ddi not). 1 Answer. Sorted by: 1. It is happening because your variable is static and within consutructir you are trying to change the variable. It will attempt to reinitialize which is not possible . Share. Follow.Nov 1, 2020 · Today, I updated it and everything went downhill. I've been having different errors throughout my attempt to fix this. First error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.invokerhelper. Second error: could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.reflection.ReflectionCache. Anyways, I've been researching and I've done the following. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.jetbrains.kotlin.com.intellij.pom.java.LanguageLevel 5 Difficulties enabling Kotlin in React Native Expo with Bare WorkflowCould not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper. In a similar question in stack-overflow Android Studio Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper it was recommended to . install java jdk-14 ; upgrade to gradle version 6.3; I changed the jdk to 14 in IntelliJ in 2 places:Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.4 Answers Sorted by: 6 Generally, this kind of issue happens when there is an uncaught exception inside your singleton object. Try putting a try catch clause inside to get the origin of your error. ShareDec 15, 2018 · Getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver exception Hot Network Questions Why did 1990s-2000s LCD all use 60 Hz refresh? Mar 14, 2018 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont. For other file extensions it works fine. Things I have tried out dependencies in apache-tika module.xml to PDFbox Explicitly loaded org.apache.pdfbox from standalone.xml I think you might be missing some bootstrapping of your test class. Do you have annotations on your test case class like this? @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class) @PrepareForTest(MyFinalClient.class) That'll get powermock to prepare the MyFinalClient class with some bytecode manipulation so that it can properly generate the mock.Dec 21, 2021 · Following this cause: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper The class is there (at least I can find it manually). In my build.gradle I have these two related dependencies: Sep 4, 2016 · "java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.xml.security.Init" the confusing part is if I remove the xmlsec.jar from libs, it still knows the . import "org.apache.xml.security.Init" but when I delete that and try to rewrite the same: import "org.apache.xml.security.Init" Jan 6, 2020 · 1. That is almost certainly not the complete stack trace. Either that stack trace or an earlier one in the log file will tell you what caused the initialization of sun.awt.X11.XToolkit to fail. However, I'd hazard a guess that the root cause is that the JVM running the web countainer is "headless"; i.e. it doesn't have an accessible display. Feb 20, 2013 · Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams This is another common reason for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, when your class performs some static initialization in a static block like many Singleton classes initialized itself on the static block to take advantage of thread-safety provided by JVM during the class initialization process, and if static block throws an Exception, the class ... Jun 18, 2016 · Jasperreport in Java 11. java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser Hot Network Questions Paid beta seems to have skipped large portions of my manuscript Could not initialize class .....javax.xml.transform.FactoryFinder (in our case). In the article, where we found the solution, it was the class SessionFactory. Class Under Test. We wanted to write a test for a utils class with static members.The only thing I found is that it's hard to diagnose and the following steps might help you recover. Manually remove the workflow packages from JENKINS_HOME/pluginsMay 2, 2011 · The message Could not initialize class org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration means that the JVM has already tried and failed to initialize the class org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration. The source code of the class contains the following line: Since this field is marked static, the field's value is set when the class has initialized. Apr 4, 2021 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.jetbrains.kotlin.com.intellij.pom.java.LanguageLevel 5 Difficulties enabling Kotlin in React Native Expo with Bare Workflow Java.Lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could Not Initialize Class エラーを根絶するためのソリューション 今日は、別の実行時エラーについて学習します: java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class. まず、このエラーが発生した Java プログラムを調べて、考えられる理由につい ...Mar 14, 2018 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont. For other file extensions it works fine. Things I have tried out dependencies in apache-tika module.xml to PDFbox Explicitly loaded org.apache.pdfbox from standalone.xml I am trying to migrate a project from Java8 into Java9 but I am running into the run time exception below, I tried every possible solution suggested by the Stack-overflow community and other blogs ...Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Please be sure to answer the question.Provide details and share your research! But avoid …. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.Mar 14, 2018 · java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.font.PDFont. For other file extensions it works fine. Things I have tried out dependencies in apache-tika module.xml to PDFbox Explicitly loaded org.apache.pdfbox from standalone.xml Feb 15, 2011 · This is a missing jars in the class path issue. I had this issue and found that with by adding the missing jars to the class path it resolved the issue. From the below article java.dzone.com article I found that the minimal jars necessary are...Now The versions numbers have changed but with these libraries only I managed to get it working. Jan 21, 2022 · If the exception message says "Could not initialize class...", as it does in this question, then the class does exist and can be found, but the JVM has already tried and failed to perform static initialization on the class and so gives up doing it again. – Nov 8, 2012 · It seems Apache POI is trying to load the class org.apache.xmlbeans.XMLOptions but it cannot find this class. The message Could not initialize class SomeClass indicates that the JVM has twice tried and failed to load and statically initialize the class SomeClass. In this case, the class in question is org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocument. Oct 20, 2012 · Here's a snippet of how a test calls Order api when it fails. val orderNumber = Order.createOrder () This is the entire stack trace when the test fails: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.api.Order$ at com.CreateOrder.setUpOnce (CreateOrder.scala:35) Line 35 in that class, CreateOrder.scala is: Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper. In a similar question in stack-overflow Android Studio Could not initialize class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.InvokerHelper it was recommended to . install java jdk-14 ; upgrade to gradle version 6.3; I changed the jdk to 14 in IntelliJ in 2 places:Nov 26, 2013 · Weblogic Start Failed java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: weblogic/Server Hot Network Questions What are the conditions necessary for a programming language to have no undefined behavior? You shouldn't need to import util.HibernateUtil. You may need to either declare the HibernateUtil class as static eg public static class HibernateUtils{and then using by writing HibernateUtil.doAThing(); or instantiate a HibernateUtil Object eg HibernateUtil hibUtil = new HibernateUtil(); and use hibUtil.doAThing(); instead.For the latter though you'll need to include a Constructor to your ...The root cause of the issue is correct - missed "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable" but I haven't had installed exact version - "Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable х64", and the similar environment works well without errors."java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.xml.security.Init" the confusing part is if I remove the xmlsec.jar from libs, it still knows the . import "org.apache.xml.security.Init" but when I delete that and try to rewrite the same: import "org.apache.xml.security.Init"I am using Windows10, eclipse-neon with JDK1.8 version, I am getting the following exception. Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.bytedeco.jav...You're probably missing some dependant library. In Eclipse you can look inside the jar file from project explorer and verify that there is a package 'org.apache.axis.client' and it contains class AxisClient. (If you're not in Eclipse then otherwise you can just unpack your jar and see that the class is there - many possibilities for that, you ... That also worked just fine for me while using OpenJDK 11. w/o any code modification. I am using java.base.* enc/dec on my fronted class instead of javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter, but jjwt (0.9.0) brings it back in when generating the token.Teams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about TeamsSame goes for the name of the class inside the file. 2) Location: Make sure the WEB-INF you put the file in is the same WEB-INF used to run the server. 3) You are putting the MyClassR.class file in the classpath, and not MyClassR.java right? 4) You put the package statement at the top of the class definition.Getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver exception Hot Network Questions Why did 1990s-2000s LCD all use 60 Hz refresh?I'm trying to connect to a Apache Ignite server with Apache Ignite built-in tool, SQLLine. I get the error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.ignite.IgniteJdbcThinDriver. Background. I have Apache Ignite running in a container and CentOS7 running in another container.The setting you showed above doesn’t exist. It’s likely some sort of bug that Lucee is showing a number greater than 115% but unless you’re actually getting memory errors in your app I wouldn’t worry. That said, your app might breath a bit better if you give it more than 512MB, assuming you have it available.The ClientConfiguration of aws-java-sdk-osgi-1.11.26.jar is dependent of Jackson-databind.jar Jackson-databind.jar is dependent on Jackson-core.jar So it is not able to initialize ClientConfiguration. Added Import-Package importing all from jackson-core-osgi.jar in Manifest of Jackson-databind-osgi.jar. Then the issue is resolvedSep 11, 2020 · And I get the following error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.eventhubs.EventHubsConf$ Cluster Configuration: Databricks Runtime Version: 7.0 (includes Apache Spark 3.0.0, Scala 2.12) Driver & Worker Type: 14.0 GB Memory, 4 Cores, 0.75 DBU Standard_DS3_v2; I have installed the following library: Dec 15, 2014 · This seems to be caused by Ubuntu using the non no_aop version of guice.jar in maven 3.6.3 (which needs the no_aop guice.jar). As a workaround in Ubuntu you could (if you don't care breaking some other ubuntu package actually needing the non no_aop jar): The root cause of the issue is correct - missed "Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable" but I haven't had installed exact version - "Microsoft Visual C++ 2015 Redistributable х64", and the similar environment works well without errors.I have the following code that's trying to establish a connection to a remote database. It's throwing an exception, and I can't figure out why. import java.util.List; import java.util.Arr...I have seen this: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class XXX And this: Different methodologies for solving bugs that only occur in production But my question is, given what the ...

Jul 2, 2021 · when we migrated from Oracle JDK-8 to Open JDK-11, Apache POI excel generation has issues tried already -Djava.awt.headless=true org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Handler dispatch . Mia xxx

java.lang.noclassdeffounderror could not initialize class

Feb 19, 2013 · This is my hibernate util code public class HibernateUtil { private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory(); private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() { ... Dec 21, 2021 · Following this cause: Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper The class is there (at least I can find it manually). In my build.gradle I have these two related dependencies: I want to use SAP JCo to select user data for my Java program. But all I got is: Sep 23, 2014 1:34:28 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [Sep 11, 2020 · And I get the following error: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.apache.spark.eventhubs.EventHubsConf$ Cluster Configuration: Databricks Runtime Version: 7.0 (includes Apache Spark 3.0.0, Scala 2.12) Driver & Worker Type: 14.0 GB Memory, 4 Cores, 0.75 DBU Standard_DS3_v2; I have installed the following library: 37.1k 15 99 111 asked Sep 6, 2011 at 20:12 Leon 8,151 11 45 51 Is the appropriate directory structure in your jar to match the class package? – John B Sep 6, 2011 at 20:14 need to see some source, many things can cause this. for example, a 'package' statement but the file not actually residing in the corresponding path – jcomeau_ictx I keep getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser The full stacktrace is: java.lang ...I keep getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser The full stacktrace is: java.lang ...I keep getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser The full stacktrace is: java.lang ...For me the issue was due to the fact that in my pom.xml Java 13 was mentioned, on the server machine java 17 was installed. So updated server java version to be what it is in pom.xml If you have multiple versions of JDK on Linux please use this command to choose the correct oneTeams. Q&A for work. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Learn more about Teams20. Try running this code in a constructor of a servlet. System.setProperty ("java.awt.headless", "true"); or. Use this parameter in the startup script of the server: -Djava.awt.headless=true. Here is an example of this problem documented and explaned in Apache POI when you want to create a sheet with auto size columns.Oct 4, 2018 · If this specific jar doesn't suit you, there are a few others where chis class could be found. If you use Eclipse, there is a handy tool that allows you to see what jars contain the class you need, and this way you can see what makes most sense given what you are doing. Under Mac, you can press CMD+Shift+T and enter the class name. Hope this helps. So, the java.lang.noclassdeffounderror: could not initialize class error by our server means it cannot locate the class file. It can be caused by different reasons that are listed below. The issue can be in the static block (also called a static initializer).May 25, 2016 · I keep getting java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class net.sf.jasperreports.engine.util.JRStyledTextParser The full stacktrace is: java.lang ... You're probably missing some dependant library. In Eclipse you can look inside the jar file from project explorer and verify that there is a package 'org.apache.axis.client' and it contains class AxisClient. (If you're not in Eclipse then otherwise you can just unpack your jar and see that the class is there - many possibilities for that, you ...Glassfish 5 will not start after enable-secure-admin command 2 java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: sun.security.ssl.SSLSessionImpl.<init> in Spring, Hibernate and JSF project running on Glassfish with Java 8Part of DBhelper.java class (There are also other static members, the full code is below): public class DBhelper { public static String getString() {return "Hi!";} } And the exception: HTTP Status 500 - Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.sher.wtpractice.dao.DBhelper.

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